Lymphocyte subpopulations of bone marrow of breast cancer patients

We have studied bone marrow lymphocytes subpopulations in 67 patients with breast cancer and 13 patients with benign processes in the mammary gland. Morphological study of the cellular composition of the bone marrow and immunological analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations have been done. Comparative characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer and benign breast diseases was done by flow cytometry. The gate of Mature lymphocytes (CD45++) studied subpopulations of T cells (CD3), b cells (CD19), NK cells (CD56+CD3–). Among T lymphocytes (CD3+) was studied TCRγδ and TCRαβ cells, a subpopulation of CD4, CD8, CD4+, CD25+ T-regulatory cells. Within В-lymphocytes (CD19+) was studied subpopulations CD10, CD38, CD5 lymphocytes. We revealed a significant increase of CD5+, CD38+ B-cells in patients with breast cancer compared to benign tumors. Index of maturation of erythrocytes was significantly higher in BC 0.96 in comparison with benign processes 0.92. When comparing immunological data with histological structure of the tumor in the group of breast cancer patients, it was noted that the percent of CD10+ B-lymphocytes was significantly higher in infiltrative ductal cancer in comparison to infiltrative lobular carcinoma (19.3 and 8.0 % accordingly; p = 0.024)

Method of Myelogram Analysis in Leukocyte Recognition Systems

An approach for the formation of a myelogram was proposed. It is based on digital image processing and pattern recognition. It is used in automated analysis of blood smears and bone marrow. The proposed approach is implemented in an automated recognition system of blood cells. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated. Keywords: Computer microscopy, image processing, segmentation, blood cells recognition, acute leukemi

An experimental Study of the Pathogenesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity as a Promising Direction of Search for New Medicinal Approaches to its Prevention and Treatment

An experimental study was performed to reproduce the model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in young rats. This model is promising for the study of the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and for the search of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of the disease. It was found that the total protein content in the vitreous was increased during OIR at all observation times, with a maximum reached on the day 14. The phasal character was revealed in the changes of the level of antioxidant activity (AOA): on the day 7 AOA of rats with OIR is no different from the control, on the day 14, it becomes 6.4 times higher than the reference level, and on the day 18 (when the oxygen is no more active) it is falling but still remains higher than the norm. These findings suggest that the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier is damaged during OIR, and confirm the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ROP, the advisability of the correction of its parameters by introducing antioxidants in the combined treatment of ROP, and the need for a differentiated approach to the times of their application Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2016; 1: 68-72

A NEW MODEL OF TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA OF RABBIT EYES AND A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ISCHEMIA DEGREE USING OPHTHALMOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY

Purpose: to create a model of transient eye ischemia in order to study the effectiveness of drugs affecting the intensity of ocular blood flow in ischemic conditions, and to develop a method of quantifying the extent of ischemia. Material and methods. The study involved 72 Chinchilla rabbits. For the first time, the vasoconstrictive drug Phenylephrine 10 mg/ml was used to create an experimental model of ocular ischemia. The degree of ischemia was quantitatively assessed by the method of ophthalmoplethysmography, adapted for animals, while the degree of hypoxia was measured by enzymatic amperometric determination of lactate concentration in the intraocular fluid. Results. The effect of phenylephrine on the development of eye ischemia was found to be dose-dependent. After subconjunctival administration of phenylephrine, the maximum decrease in the minute volume of blood flow occurs in the interval from 60 min to 120 min. The time of permissible repeated injection of phenylephrine for the prolongation of ischemia development period was established at the 90th minute after the first injection, while the period of development of transient ischemia of the rabbit's eye is longer - 240 min. An increased content of lactate in the intraocular fluid after an injection of phenylephrine was noted, which points to the development of hypoxia due to transient ischemia of eye tissues. Conclusion. The proposed experimental model of transient rabbit ischemia developed by us may be used to study the efficiency of drugs affecting the intensity of ocular blood flow. It provides the possibility to control the dose of the ischemic factor and to avoid side effects. For citation: Chesnokova N.B., Grigoryev A.V., Mustafayeva K.N., Beznos O.V. A new model of transient ischemia of rabbit eyes and a quantitative assessment of ischemia degree using ophthalmoplethysmography. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2018; 11 (2): 35-40. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-2-35-40 (In Russian)

Angiotensin-II as a Trigger Factor in the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity

The multifactorial nature of the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) pathogenesis, makes the thorough study of the mechanism of pathological retinal neovascularization actual. However recently the attention of scientists has been attracted by the participation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the development of retinal vasoproliferative diseases. Purpose: to study the role of AT-II in the pathogenesis of experimental ROP (EROP) in the original model of the disease. Material and methods. To reproduce EROP Wistar rats (n = 15) were exposed to the oxygen concentration varying from 60 to 15% every 12 hours for 14 days from the first day after birth followed by room air for 7 days. Throughout the experiment, the room maintained a constant temperature (+26 °C) and light regime (12 hours a day, 12 hours a night) modes. Control rats (n = 12) were born and kept under normal oxygen content (21 %). Batches of EROP (n = 5) and control (n = 4) rats were sacrificed on 7, 14 and 21 days. All rats underwent binocular enucleation, after which every eyeball was opened on the limb, the cornea and lens were removed with the remains of a persistent vascular bag and a hyaloid artery. Retinas were isolated, homogenized and stored at -20 °C. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) in homogenates was measured using the IFA kit. Results. On the 7th day of the experiment, the level of AT-II in the retina of the experimental group rats was 0.19 ± 0.02 pg/mg protein that was significantly higher than in controls (0.12 ± 0.01 pg/mg protein). On the 14th and 21st days concentrations of AT-II in EROP and control groups had no significant difference. Conclusion. On the 7th day of the experiment, i.e. at the period corresponding to the existence of avascular retinal zones in both groups concentration of AT-II in the retinas of rats with EROP was significantly higher than in controls. This fact indicate the role of this proangiogenic factor in the induction of pathological neovascularization in ROP. Possible prognostic function of this parameter during the period before ROP manifestation has undoubted practical significance